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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.application.test.test_service -*- # Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories. # See LICENSE for details. """ Service architecture for Twisted. Services are arranged in a hierarchy. At the leafs of the hierarchy, the services which actually interact with the outside world are started. Services can be named or anonymous -- usually, they will be named if there is need to access them through the hierarchy (from a parent or a sibling). Maintainer: Moshe Zadka """ from zope.interface import Attribute, Interface, implementer from twisted.internet import defer from twisted.persisted import sob from twisted.plugin import IPlugin from twisted.python import components from twisted.python.reflect import namedAny class IServiceMaker(Interface): """ An object which can be used to construct services in a flexible way. This interface should most often be implemented along with L{twisted.plugin.IPlugin}, and will most often be used by the 'twistd' command. """ tapname = Attribute( "A short string naming this Twisted plugin, for example 'web' or " "'pencil'. This name will be used as the subcommand of 'twistd'." ) description = Attribute( "A brief summary of the features provided by this " "Twisted application plugin." ) options = Attribute( "A C{twisted.python.usage.Options} subclass defining the " "configuration options for this application." ) def makeService(options): """ Create and return an object providing L{twisted.application.service.IService}. @param options: A mapping (typically a C{dict} or L{twisted.python.usage.Options} instance) of configuration options to desired configuration values. """ @implementer(IPlugin, IServiceMaker) class ServiceMaker: """ Utility class to simplify the definition of L{IServiceMaker} plugins. """ def __init__(self, name, module, description, tapname): self.name = name self.module = module self.description = description self.tapname = tapname @property def options(self): return namedAny(self.module).Options @property def makeService(self): return namedAny(self.module).makeService class IService(Interface): """ A service. Run start-up and shut-down code at the appropriate times. """ name = Attribute("A C{str} which is the name of the service or C{None}.") running = Attribute("A C{boolean} which indicates whether the service is running.") parent = Attribute("An C{IServiceCollection} which is the parent or C{None}.") def setName(name): """ Set the name of the service. @type name: C{str} @raise RuntimeError: Raised if the service already has a parent. """ def setServiceParent(parent): """ Set the parent of the service. This method is responsible for setting the C{parent} attribute on this service (the child service). @type parent: L{IServiceCollection} @raise RuntimeError: Raised if the service already has a parent or if the service has a name and the parent already has a child by that name. """ def disownServiceParent(): """ Use this API to remove an L{IService} from an L{IServiceCollection}. This method is used symmetrically with L{setServiceParent} in that it sets the C{parent} attribute on the child. @rtype: L{Deferred<defer.Deferred>} @return: a L{Deferred<defer.Deferred>} which is triggered when the service has finished shutting down. If shutting down is immediate, a value can be returned (usually, L{None}). """ def startService(): """ Start the service. """ def stopService(): """ Stop the service. @rtype: L{Deferred<defer.Deferred>} @return: a L{Deferred<defer.Deferred>} which is triggered when the service has finished shutting down. If shutting down is immediate, a value can be returned (usually, L{None}). """ def privilegedStartService(): """ Do preparation work for starting the service. Here things which should be done before changing directory, root or shedding privileges are done. """ @implementer(IService) class Service: """ Base class for services. Most services should inherit from this class. It handles the book-keeping responsibilities of starting and stopping, as well as not serializing this book-keeping information. """ running = 0 name = None parent = None def __getstate__(self): dict = self.__dict__.copy() if "running" in dict: del dict["running"] return dict def setName(self, name): if self.parent is not None: raise RuntimeError("cannot change name when parent exists") self.name = name def setServiceParent(self, parent): if self.parent is not None: self.disownServiceParent() parent = IServiceCollection(parent, parent) self.parent = parent self.parent.addService(self) def disownServiceParent(self): d = self.parent.removeService(self) self.parent = None return d def privilegedStartService(self): pass def startService(self): self.running = 1 def stopService(self): self.running = 0 class IServiceCollection(Interface): """ Collection of services. Contain several services, and manage their start-up/shut-down. Services can be accessed by name if they have a name, and it is always possible to iterate over them. """ def getServiceNamed(name): """ Get the child service with a given name. @type name: C{str} @rtype: L{IService} @raise KeyError: Raised if the service has no child with the given name. """ def __iter__(): """ Get an iterator over all child services. """ def addService(service): """ Add a child service. Only implementations of L{IService.setServiceParent} should use this method. @type service: L{IService} @raise RuntimeError: Raised if the service has a child with the given name. """ def removeService(service): """ Remove a child service. Only implementations of L{IService.disownServiceParent} should use this method. @type service: L{IService} @raise ValueError: Raised if the given service is not a child. @rtype: L{Deferred<defer.Deferred>} @return: a L{Deferred<defer.Deferred>} which is triggered when the service has finished shutting down. If shutting down is immediate, a value can be returned (usually, L{None}). """ @implementer(IServiceCollection) class MultiService(Service): """ Straightforward Service Container. Hold a collection of services, and manage them in a simplistic way. No service will wait for another, but this object itself will not finish shutting down until all of its child services will finish. """ def __init__(self): self.services = [] self.namedServices = {} self.parent = None def privilegedStartService(self): Service.privilegedStartService(self) for service in self: service.privilegedStartService() def startService(self): Service.startService(self) for service in self: service.startService() def stopService(self): Service.stopService(self) l = [] services = list(self) services.reverse() for service in services: l.append(defer.maybeDeferred(service.stopService)) return defer.DeferredList(l) def getServiceNamed(self, name): return self.namedServices[name] def __iter__(self): return iter(self.services) def addService(self, service): if service.name is not None: if service.name in self.namedServices: raise RuntimeError( "cannot have two services with same name" " '%s'" % service.name ) self.namedServices[service.name] = service self.services.append(service) if self.running: # It may be too late for that, but we will do our best service.privilegedStartService() service.startService() def removeService(self, service): if service.name: del self.namedServices[service.name] self.services.remove(service) if self.running: # Returning this so as not to lose information from the # MultiService.stopService deferred. return service.stopService() else: return None class IProcess(Interface): """ Process running parameters. Represents parameters for how processes should be run. """ processName = Attribute( """ A C{str} giving the name the process should have in ps (or L{None} to leave the name alone). """ ) uid = Attribute( """ An C{int} giving the user id as which the process should run (or L{None} to leave the UID alone). """ ) gid = Attribute( """ An C{int} giving the group id as which the process should run (or L{None} to leave the GID alone). """ ) @implementer(IProcess) class Process: """ Process running parameters. Sets up uid/gid in the constructor, and has a default of L{None} as C{processName}. """ processName = None def __init__(self, uid=None, gid=None): """ Set uid and gid. @param uid: The user ID as whom to execute the process. If this is L{None}, no attempt will be made to change the UID. @param gid: The group ID as whom to execute the process. If this is L{None}, no attempt will be made to change the GID. """ self.uid = uid self.gid = gid def Application(name, uid=None, gid=None): """ Return a compound class. Return an object supporting the L{IService}, L{IServiceCollection}, L{IProcess} and L{sob.IPersistable} interfaces, with the given parameters. Always access the return value by explicit casting to one of the interfaces. """ ret = components.Componentized() availableComponents = [MultiService(), Process(uid, gid), sob.Persistent(ret, name)] for comp in availableComponents: ret.addComponent(comp, ignoreClass=1) IService(ret).setName(name) return ret def loadApplication(filename, kind, passphrase=None): """ Load Application from a given file. The serialization format it was saved in should be given as C{kind}, and is one of C{pickle}, C{source}, C{xml} or C{python}. If C{passphrase} is given, the application was encrypted with the given passphrase. @type filename: C{str} @type kind: C{str} @type passphrase: C{str} """ if kind == "python": application = sob.loadValueFromFile(filename, "application") else: application = sob.load(filename, kind) return application __all__ = [ "IServiceMaker", "IService", "Service", "IServiceCollection", "MultiService", "IProcess", "Process", "Application", "loadApplication", ]