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# Module 'ntpath' -- common operations on WinNT/Win95 pathnames """Common pathname manipulations, WindowsNT/95 version. Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to this module as os.path. """ import os import sys import stat import genericpath from genericpath import * __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext", "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime", "getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile", "ismount", "expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath", "splitunc","curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep", "extsep","devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames","relpath", "samefile", "sameopenfile", "samestat", "commonpath"] # strings representing various path-related bits and pieces # These are primarily for export; internally, they are hardcoded. curdir = '.' pardir = '..' extsep = '.' sep = '\\' pathsep = ';' altsep = '/' defpath = '.;C:\\bin' if 'ce' in sys.builtin_module_names: defpath = '\\Windows' devnull = 'nul' def _get_bothseps(path): if isinstance(path, bytes): return b'\\/' else: return '\\/' # Normalize the case of a pathname and map slashes to backslashes. # Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not done # (this is done by normpath). def normcase(s): """Normalize case of pathname. Makes all characters lowercase and all slashes into backslashes.""" try: if isinstance(s, bytes): return s.replace(b'/', b'\\').lower() else: return s.replace('/', '\\').lower() except (TypeError, AttributeError): if not isinstance(s, (bytes, str)): raise TypeError("normcase() argument must be str or bytes, " "not %r" % s.__class__.__name__) from None raise # Return whether a path is absolute. # Trivial in Posix, harder on Windows. # For Windows it is absolute if it starts with a slash or backslash (current # volume), or if a pathname after the volume-letter-and-colon or UNC-resource # starts with a slash or backslash. def isabs(s): """Test whether a path is absolute""" s = splitdrive(s)[1] return len(s) > 0 and s[0] in _get_bothseps(s) # Join two (or more) paths. def join(path, *paths): if isinstance(path, bytes): sep = b'\\' seps = b'\\/' colon = b':' else: sep = '\\' seps = '\\/' colon = ':' try: if not paths: path[:0] + sep #23780: Ensure compatible data type even if p is null. result_drive, result_path = splitdrive(path) for p in paths: p_drive, p_path = splitdrive(p) if p_path and p_path[0] in seps: # Second path is absolute if p_drive or not result_drive: result_drive = p_drive result_path = p_path continue elif p_drive and p_drive != result_drive: if p_drive.lower() != result_drive.lower(): # Different drives => ignore the first path entirely result_drive = p_drive result_path = p_path continue # Same drive in different case result_drive = p_drive # Second path is relative to the first if result_path and result_path[-1] not in seps: result_path = result_path + sep result_path = result_path + p_path ## add separator between UNC and non-absolute path if (result_path and result_path[0] not in seps and result_drive and result_drive[-1:] != colon): return result_drive + sep + result_path return result_drive + result_path except (TypeError, AttributeError, BytesWarning): genericpath._check_arg_types('join', path, *paths) raise # Split a path in a drive specification (a drive letter followed by a # colon) and the path specification. # It is always true that drivespec + pathspec == p def splitdrive(p): """Split a pathname into drive/UNC sharepoint and relative path specifiers. Returns a 2-tuple (drive_or_unc, path); either part may be empty. If you assign result = splitdrive(p) It is always true that: result[0] + result[1] == p If the path contained a drive letter, drive_or_unc will contain everything up to and including the colon. e.g. splitdrive("c:/dir") returns ("c:", "/dir") If the path contained a UNC path, the drive_or_unc will contain the host name and share up to but not including the fourth directory separator character. e.g. splitdrive("//host/computer/dir") returns ("//host/computer", "/dir") Paths cannot contain both a drive letter and a UNC path. """ if len(p) >= 2: if isinstance(p, bytes): sep = b'\\' altsep = b'/' colon = b':' else: sep = '\\' altsep = '/' colon = ':' normp = p.replace(altsep, sep) if (normp[0:2] == sep*2) and (normp[2:3] != sep): # is a UNC path: # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv drive letter or UNC path # \\machine\mountpoint\directory\etc\... # directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ index = normp.find(sep, 2) if index == -1: return p[:0], p index2 = normp.find(sep, index + 1) # a UNC path can't have two slashes in a row # (after the initial two) if index2 == index + 1: return p[:0], p if index2 == -1: index2 = len(p) return p[:index2], p[index2:] if normp[1:2] == colon: return p[:2], p[2:] return p[:0], p # Parse UNC paths def splitunc(p): """Deprecated since Python 3.1. Please use splitdrive() instead; it now handles UNC paths. Split a pathname into UNC mount point and relative path specifiers. Return a 2-tuple (unc, rest); either part may be empty. If unc is not empty, it has the form '//host/mount' (or similar using backslashes). unc+rest is always the input path. Paths containing drive letters never have a UNC part. """ import warnings warnings.warn("ntpath.splitunc is deprecated, use ntpath.splitdrive instead", DeprecationWarning, 2) drive, path = splitdrive(p) if len(drive) == 2: # Drive letter present return p[:0], p return drive, path # Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the # rest). After the trailing '/' is stripped, the invariant # join(head, tail) == p holds. # The resulting head won't end in '/' unless it is the root. def split(p): """Split a pathname. Return tuple (head, tail) where tail is everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.""" seps = _get_bothseps(p) d, p = splitdrive(p) # set i to index beyond p's last slash i = len(p) while i and p[i-1] not in seps: i -= 1 head, tail = p[:i], p[i:] # now tail has no slashes # remove trailing slashes from head, unless it's all slashes head = head.rstrip(seps) or head return d + head, tail # Split a path in root and extension. # The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last # pathname component; the root is everything before that. # It is always true that root + ext == p. def splitext(p): if isinstance(p, bytes): return genericpath._splitext(p, b'\\', b'/', b'.') else: return genericpath._splitext(p, '\\', '/', '.') splitext.__doc__ = genericpath._splitext.__doc__ # Return the tail (basename) part of a path. def basename(p): """Returns the final component of a pathname""" return split(p)[1] # Return the head (dirname) part of a path. def dirname(p): """Returns the directory component of a pathname""" return split(p)[0] # Is a path a symbolic link? # This will always return false on systems where os.lstat doesn't exist. def islink(path): """Test whether a path is a symbolic link. This will always return false for Windows prior to 6.0. """ try: st = os.lstat(path) except (OSError, AttributeError): return False return stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) # Being true for dangling symbolic links is also useful. def lexists(path): """Test whether a path exists. Returns True for broken symbolic links""" try: st = os.lstat(path) except OSError: return False return True # Is a path a mount point? # Any drive letter root (eg c:\) # Any share UNC (eg \\server\share) # Any volume mounted on a filesystem folder # # No one method detects all three situations. Historically we've lexically # detected drive letter roots and share UNCs. The canonical approach to # detecting mounted volumes (querying the reparse tag) fails for the most # common case: drive letter roots. The alternative which uses GetVolumePathName # fails if the drive letter is the result of a SUBST. try: from nt import _getvolumepathname except ImportError: _getvolumepathname = None def ismount(path): """Test whether a path is a mount point (a drive root, the root of a share, or a mounted volume)""" seps = _get_bothseps(path) path = abspath(path) root, rest = splitdrive(path) if root and root[0] in seps: return (not rest) or (rest in seps) if rest in seps: return True if _getvolumepathname: return path.rstrip(seps) == _getvolumepathname(path).rstrip(seps) else: return False # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'. # '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory. # If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown, # the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever # function is called with the expanded path as argument). # See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames. # (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment # variable expansion.) def expanduser(path): """Expand ~ and ~user constructs. If user or $HOME is unknown, do nothing.""" if isinstance(path, bytes): tilde = b'~' else: tilde = '~' if not path.startswith(tilde): return path i, n = 1, len(path) while i < n and path[i] not in _get_bothseps(path): i += 1 if 'HOME' in os.environ: userhome = os.environ['HOME'] elif 'USERPROFILE' in os.environ: userhome = os.environ['USERPROFILE'] elif not 'HOMEPATH' in os.environ: return path else: try: drive = os.environ['HOMEDRIVE'] except KeyError: drive = '' userhome = join(drive, os.environ['HOMEPATH']) if isinstance(path, bytes): userhome = os.fsencode(userhome) if i != 1: #~user userhome = join(dirname(userhome), path[1:i]) return userhome + path[i:] # Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions. # The following rules apply: # - no expansion within single quotes # - '$$' is translated into '$' # - '%%' is translated into '%' if '%%' are not seen in %var1%%var2% # - ${varname} is accepted. # - $varname is accepted. # - %varname% is accepted. # - varnames can be made out of letters, digits and the characters '_-' # (though is not verified in the ${varname} and %varname% cases) # XXX With COMMAND.COM you can use any characters in a variable name, # XXX except '^|<>='. def expandvars(path): """Expand shell variables of the forms $var, ${var} and %var%. Unknown variables are left unchanged.""" if isinstance(path, bytes): if b'$' not in path and b'%' not in path: return path import string varchars = bytes(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_-', 'ascii') quote = b'\'' percent = b'%' brace = b'{' rbrace = b'}' dollar = b'$' environ = getattr(os, 'environb', None) else: if '$' not in path and '%' not in path: return path import string varchars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_-' quote = '\'' percent = '%' brace = '{' rbrace = '}' dollar = '$' environ = os.environ res = path[:0] index = 0 pathlen = len(path) while index < pathlen: c = path[index:index+1] if c == quote: # no expansion within single quotes path = path[index + 1:] pathlen = len(path) try: index = path.index(c) res += c + path[:index + 1] except ValueError: res += c + path index = pathlen - 1 elif c == percent: # variable or '%' if path[index + 1:index + 2] == percent: res += c index += 1 else: path = path[index+1:] pathlen = len(path) try: index = path.index(percent) except ValueError: res += percent + path index = pathlen - 1 else: var = path[:index] try: if environ is None: value = os.fsencode(os.environ[os.fsdecode(var)]) else: value = environ[var] except KeyError: value = percent + var + percent res += value elif c == dollar: # variable or '$$' if path[index + 1:index + 2] == dollar: res += c index += 1 elif path[index + 1:index + 2] == brace: path = path[index+2:] pathlen = len(path) try: index = path.index(rbrace) except ValueError: res += dollar + brace + path index = pathlen - 1 else: var = path[:index] try: if environ is None: value = os.fsencode(os.environ[os.fsdecode(var)]) else: value = environ[var] except KeyError: value = dollar + brace + var + rbrace res += value else: var = path[:0] index += 1 c = path[index:index + 1] while c and c in varchars: var += c index += 1 c = path[index:index + 1] try: if environ is None: value = os.fsencode(os.environ[os.fsdecode(var)]) else: value = environ[var] except KeyError: value = dollar + var res += value if c: index -= 1 else: res += c index += 1 return res # Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A\B. # Previously, this function also truncated pathnames to 8+3 format, # but as this module is called "ntpath", that's obviously wrong! def normpath(path): """Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc.""" if isinstance(path, bytes): sep = b'\\' altsep = b'/' curdir = b'.' pardir = b'..' special_prefixes = (b'\\\\.\\', b'\\\\?\\') else: sep = '\\' altsep = '/' curdir = '.' pardir = '..' special_prefixes = ('\\\\.\\', '\\\\?\\') if path.startswith(special_prefixes): # in the case of paths with these prefixes: # \\.\ -> device names # \\?\ -> literal paths # do not do any normalization, but return the path unchanged return path path = path.replace(altsep, sep) prefix, path = splitdrive(path) # collapse initial backslashes if path.startswith(sep): prefix += sep path = path.lstrip(sep) comps = path.split(sep) i = 0 while i < len(comps): if not comps[i] or comps[i] == curdir: del comps[i] elif comps[i] == pardir: if i > 0 and comps[i-1] != pardir: del comps[i-1:i+1] i -= 1 elif i == 0 and prefix.endswith(sep): del comps[i] else: i += 1 else: i += 1 # If the path is now empty, substitute '.' if not prefix and not comps: comps.append(curdir) return prefix + sep.join(comps) # Return an absolute path. try: from nt import _getfullpathname except ImportError: # not running on Windows - mock up something sensible def abspath(path): """Return the absolute version of a path.""" if not isabs(path): if isinstance(path, bytes): cwd = os.getcwdb() else: cwd = os.getcwd() path = join(cwd, path) return normpath(path) else: # use native Windows method on Windows def abspath(path): """Return the absolute version of a path.""" if path: # Empty path must return current working directory. try: path = _getfullpathname(path) except OSError: pass # Bad path - return unchanged. elif isinstance(path, bytes): path = os.getcwdb() else: path = os.getcwd() return normpath(path) # realpath is a no-op on systems without islink support realpath = abspath # Win9x family and earlier have no Unicode filename support. supports_unicode_filenames = (hasattr(sys, "getwindowsversion") and sys.getwindowsversion()[3] >= 2) def relpath(path, start=None): """Return a relative version of a path""" if isinstance(path, bytes): sep = b'\\' curdir = b'.' pardir = b'..' else: sep = '\\' curdir = '.' pardir = '..' if start is None: start = curdir if not path: raise ValueError("no path specified") try: start_abs = abspath(normpath(start)) path_abs = abspath(normpath(path)) start_drive, start_rest = splitdrive(start_abs) path_drive, path_rest = splitdrive(path_abs) if normcase(start_drive) != normcase(path_drive): raise ValueError("path is on mount %r, start on mount %r" % ( path_drive, start_drive)) start_list = [x for x in start_rest.split(sep) if x] path_list = [x for x in path_rest.split(sep) if x] # Work out how much of the filepath is shared by start and path. i = 0 for e1, e2 in zip(start_list, path_list): if normcase(e1) != normcase(e2): break i += 1 rel_list = [pardir] * (len(start_list)-i) + path_list[i:] if not rel_list: return curdir return join(*rel_list) except (TypeError, ValueError, AttributeError, BytesWarning, DeprecationWarning): genericpath._check_arg_types('relpath', path, start) raise # Return the longest common sub-path of the sequence of paths given as input. # The function is case-insensitive and 'separator-insensitive', i.e. if the # only difference between two paths is the use of '\' versus '/' as separator, # they are deemed to be equal. # # However, the returned path will have the standard '\' separator (even if the # given paths had the alternative '/' separator) and will have the case of the # first path given in the sequence. Additionally, any trailing separator is # stripped from the returned path. def commonpath(paths): """Given a sequence of path names, returns the longest common sub-path.""" if not paths: raise ValueError('commonpath() arg is an empty sequence') if isinstance(paths[0], bytes): sep = b'\\' altsep = b'/' curdir = b'.' else: sep = '\\' altsep = '/' curdir = '.' try: drivesplits = [splitdrive(p.replace(altsep, sep).lower()) for p in paths] split_paths = [p.split(sep) for d, p in drivesplits] try: isabs, = set(p[:1] == sep for d, p in drivesplits) except ValueError: raise ValueError("Can't mix absolute and relative paths") from None # Check that all drive letters or UNC paths match. The check is made only # now otherwise type errors for mixing strings and bytes would not be # caught. if len(set(d for d, p in drivesplits)) != 1: raise ValueError("Paths don't have the same drive") drive, path = splitdrive(paths[0].replace(altsep, sep)) common = path.split(sep) common = [c for c in common if c and c != curdir] split_paths = [[c for c in s if c and c != curdir] for s in split_paths] s1 = min(split_paths) s2 = max(split_paths) for i, c in enumerate(s1): if c != s2[i]: common = common[:i] break else: common = common[:len(s1)] prefix = drive + sep if isabs else drive return prefix + sep.join(common) except (TypeError, AttributeError): genericpath._check_arg_types('commonpath', *paths) raise # determine if two files are in fact the same file try: # GetFinalPathNameByHandle is available starting with Windows 6.0. # Windows XP and non-Windows OS'es will mock _getfinalpathname. if sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] >= (6, 0): from nt import _getfinalpathname else: raise ImportError except (AttributeError, ImportError): # On Windows XP and earlier, two files are the same if their absolute # pathnames are the same. # Non-Windows operating systems fake this method with an XP # approximation. def _getfinalpathname(f): return normcase(abspath(f)) try: # The genericpath.isdir implementation uses os.stat and checks the mode # attribute to tell whether or not the path is a directory. # This is overkill on Windows - just pass the path to GetFileAttributes # and check the attribute from there. from nt import _isdir as isdir except ImportError: # Use genericpath.isdir as imported above. pass