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# Copyright (C) 2002-2007 Python Software Foundation # Author: Ben Gertzfield # Contact: email-sig@python.org """Base64 content transfer encoding per RFCs 2045-2047. This module handles the content transfer encoding method defined in RFC 2045 to encode arbitrary 8-bit data using the three 8-bit bytes in four 7-bit characters encoding known as Base64. It is used in the MIME standards for email to attach images, audio, and text using some 8-bit character sets to messages. This module provides an interface to encode and decode both headers and bodies with Base64 encoding. RFC 2045 defines a method for including character set information in an `encoded-word' in a header. This method is commonly used for 8-bit real names in To:, From:, Cc:, etc. fields, as well as Subject: lines. This module does not do the line wrapping or end-of-line character conversion necessary for proper internationalized headers; it only does dumb encoding and decoding. To deal with the various line wrapping issues, use the email.header module. """ __all__ = [ 'body_decode', 'body_encode', 'decode', 'decodestring', 'header_encode', 'header_length', ] from base64 import b64encode from binascii import b2a_base64, a2b_base64 CRLF = '\r\n' NL = '\n' EMPTYSTRING = '' # See also Charset.py MISC_LEN = 7 # Helpers def header_length(bytearray): """Return the length of s when it is encoded with base64.""" groups_of_3, leftover = divmod(len(bytearray), 3) # 4 bytes out for each 3 bytes (or nonzero fraction thereof) in. n = groups_of_3 * 4 if leftover: n += 4 return n def header_encode(header_bytes, charset='iso-8859-1'): """Encode a single header line with Base64 encoding in a given charset. charset names the character set to use to encode the header. It defaults to iso-8859-1. Base64 encoding is defined in RFC 2045. """ if not header_bytes: return "" if isinstance(header_bytes, str): header_bytes = header_bytes.encode(charset) encoded = b64encode(header_bytes).decode("ascii") return '=?%s?b?%s?=' % (charset, encoded) def body_encode(s, maxlinelen=76, eol=NL): r"""Encode a string with base64. Each line will be wrapped at, at most, maxlinelen characters (defaults to 76 characters). Each line of encoded text will end with eol, which defaults to "\n". Set this to "\r\n" if you will be using the result of this function directly in an email. """ if not s: return s encvec = [] max_unencoded = maxlinelen * 3 // 4 for i in range(0, len(s), max_unencoded): # BAW: should encode() inherit b2a_base64()'s dubious behavior in # adding a newline to the encoded string? enc = b2a_base64(s[i:i + max_unencoded]).decode("ascii") if enc.endswith(NL) and eol != NL: enc = enc[:-1] + eol encvec.append(enc) return EMPTYSTRING.join(encvec) def decode(string): """Decode a raw base64 string, returning a bytes object. This function does not parse a full MIME header value encoded with base64 (like =?iso-8859-1?b?bmloISBuaWgh?=) -- please use the high level email.header class for that functionality. """ if not string: return bytes() elif isinstance(string, str): return a2b_base64(string.encode('raw-unicode-escape')) else: return a2b_base64(string) # For convenience and backwards compatibility w/ standard base64 module body_decode = decode decodestring = decode