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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.web.test.test_error -*- # Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories. # See LICENSE for details. """ Exception definitions for L{twisted.web}. """ __all__ = [ "Error", "PageRedirect", "InfiniteRedirection", "RenderError", "MissingRenderMethod", "MissingTemplateLoader", "UnexposedMethodError", "UnfilledSlot", "UnsupportedType", "FlattenerError", "RedirectWithNoLocation", ] from collections.abc import Sequence from typing import Optional, Union, cast from twisted.python.compat import nativeString from twisted.web._responses import RESPONSES def _codeToMessage(code: Union[int, bytes]) -> Optional[bytes]: """ Returns the response message corresponding to an HTTP code, or None if the code is unknown or unrecognized. @param code: HTTP status code, for example C{http.NOT_FOUND}. @return: A string message or none """ try: return RESPONSES.get(int(code)) except (ValueError, AttributeError): return None class Error(Exception): """ A basic HTTP error. @ivar status: Refers to an HTTP status code, for example C{http.NOT_FOUND}. @param message: A short error message, for example "NOT FOUND". @ivar response: A complete HTML document for an error page. """ status: bytes message: Optional[bytes] response: Optional[bytes] def __init__( self, code: Union[int, bytes], message: Optional[bytes] = None, response: Optional[bytes] = None, ) -> None: """ Initializes a basic exception. @type code: L{bytes} or L{int} @param code: Refers to an HTTP status code (for example, 200) either as an integer or a bytestring representing such. If no C{message} is given, C{code} is mapped to a descriptive bytestring that is used instead. @type message: L{bytes} @param message: A short error message, for example C{b"NOT FOUND"}. @type response: L{bytes} @param response: A complete HTML document for an error page. """ message = message or _codeToMessage(code) Exception.__init__(self, code, message, response) if isinstance(code, int): # If we're given an int, convert it to a bytestring # downloadPage gives a bytes, Agent gives an int, and it worked by # accident previously, so just make it keep working. code = b"%d" % (code,) elif len(code) != 3 or not code.isdigit(): # Status codes must be 3 digits. See # https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#status.code.extensibility raise ValueError(f"Not a valid HTTP status code: {code!r}") self.status = code self.message = message self.response = response def __str__(self) -> str: s = self.status if self.message: s += b" " + self.message return nativeString(s) class PageRedirect(Error): """ A request resulted in an HTTP redirect. @ivar location: The location of the redirect which was not followed. """ location: Optional[bytes] def __init__( self, code: Union[int, bytes], message: Optional[bytes] = None, response: Optional[bytes] = None, location: Optional[bytes] = None, ) -> None: """ Initializes a page redirect exception. @type code: L{bytes} @param code: Refers to an HTTP status code, for example C{http.NOT_FOUND}. If no C{message} is given, C{code} is mapped to a descriptive string that is used instead. @type message: L{bytes} @param message: A short error message, for example C{b"NOT FOUND"}. @type response: L{bytes} @param response: A complete HTML document for an error page. @type location: L{bytes} @param location: The location response-header field value. It is an absolute URI used to redirect the receiver to a location other than the Request-URI so the request can be completed. """ Error.__init__(self, code, message, response) if self.message and location: self.message = self.message + b" to " + location self.location = location class InfiniteRedirection(Error): """ HTTP redirection is occurring endlessly. @ivar location: The first URL in the series of redirections which was not followed. """ location: Optional[bytes] def __init__( self, code: Union[int, bytes], message: Optional[bytes] = None, response: Optional[bytes] = None, location: Optional[bytes] = None, ) -> None: """ Initializes an infinite redirection exception. @param code: Refers to an HTTP status code, for example C{http.NOT_FOUND}. If no C{message} is given, C{code} is mapped to a descriptive string that is used instead. @param message: A short error message, for example C{b"NOT FOUND"}. @param response: A complete HTML document for an error page. @param location: The location response-header field value. It is an absolute URI used to redirect the receiver to a location other than the Request-URI so the request can be completed. """ Error.__init__(self, code, message, response) if self.message and location: self.message = self.message + b" to " + location self.location = location class RedirectWithNoLocation(Error): """ Exception passed to L{ResponseFailed} if we got a redirect without a C{Location} header field. @type uri: L{bytes} @ivar uri: The URI which failed to give a proper location header field. @since: 11.1 """ message: bytes uri: bytes def __init__(self, code: Union[bytes, int], message: bytes, uri: bytes) -> None: """ Initializes a page redirect exception when no location is given. @type code: L{bytes} @param code: Refers to an HTTP status code, for example C{http.NOT_FOUND}. If no C{message} is given, C{code} is mapped to a descriptive string that is used instead. @type message: L{bytes} @param message: A short error message. @type uri: L{bytes} @param uri: The URI which failed to give a proper location header field. """ Error.__init__(self, code, message) self.message = self.message + b" to " + uri self.uri = uri class UnsupportedMethod(Exception): """ Raised by a resource when faced with a strange request method. RFC 2616 (HTTP 1.1) gives us two choices when faced with this situation: If the type of request is known to us, but not allowed for the requested resource, respond with NOT_ALLOWED. Otherwise, if the request is something we don't know how to deal with in any case, respond with NOT_IMPLEMENTED. When this exception is raised by a Resource's render method, the server will make the appropriate response. This exception's first argument MUST be a sequence of the methods the resource *does* support. """ allowedMethods = () def __init__(self, allowedMethods, *args): Exception.__init__(self, allowedMethods, *args) self.allowedMethods = allowedMethods if not isinstance(allowedMethods, Sequence): raise TypeError( "First argument must be a sequence of supported methods, " "but my first argument is not a sequence." ) def __str__(self) -> str: return f"Expected one of {self.allowedMethods!r}" class SchemeNotSupported(Exception): """ The scheme of a URI was not one of the supported values. """ class RenderError(Exception): """ Base exception class for all errors which can occur during template rendering. """ class MissingRenderMethod(RenderError): """ Tried to use a render method which does not exist. @ivar element: The element which did not have the render method. @ivar renderName: The name of the renderer which could not be found. """ def __init__(self, element, renderName): RenderError.__init__(self, element, renderName) self.element = element self.renderName = renderName def __repr__(self) -> str: return "{!r}: {!r} had no render method named {!r}".format( self.__class__.__name__, self.element, self.renderName, ) class MissingTemplateLoader(RenderError): """ L{MissingTemplateLoader} is raised when trying to render an Element without a template loader, i.e. a C{loader} attribute. @ivar element: The Element which did not have a document factory. """ def __init__(self, element): RenderError.__init__(self, element) self.element = element def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"{self.__class__.__name__!r}: {self.element!r} had no loader" class UnexposedMethodError(Exception): """ Raised on any attempt to get a method which has not been exposed. """ class UnfilledSlot(Exception): """ During flattening, a slot with no associated data was encountered. """ class UnsupportedType(Exception): """ During flattening, an object of a type which cannot be flattened was encountered. """ class ExcessiveBufferingError(Exception): """ The HTTP/2 protocol has been forced to buffer an excessive amount of outbound data, and has therefore closed the connection and dropped all outbound data. """ class FlattenerError(Exception): """ An error occurred while flattening an object. @ivar _roots: A list of the objects on the flattener's stack at the time the unflattenable object was encountered. The first element is least deeply nested object and the last element is the most deeply nested. """ def __init__(self, exception, roots, traceback): self._exception = exception self._roots = roots self._traceback = traceback Exception.__init__(self, exception, roots, traceback) def _formatRoot(self, obj): """ Convert an object from C{self._roots} to a string suitable for inclusion in a render-traceback (like a normal Python traceback, but can include "frame" source locations which are not in Python source files). @param obj: Any object which can be a render step I{root}. Typically, L{Tag}s, strings, and other simple Python types. @return: A string representation of C{obj}. @rtype: L{str} """ # There's a circular dependency between this class and 'Tag', although # only for an isinstance() check. from twisted.web.template import Tag if isinstance(obj, (bytes, str)): # It's somewhat unlikely that there will ever be a str in the roots # list. However, something like a MemoryError during a str.replace # call (eg, replacing " with ") could possibly cause this. # Likewise, UTF-8 encoding a unicode string to a byte string might # fail like this. if len(obj) > 40: if isinstance(obj, str): ellipsis = "<...>" else: ellipsis = b"<...>" return ascii(obj[:20] + ellipsis + obj[-20:]) else: return ascii(obj) elif isinstance(obj, Tag): if obj.filename is None: return "Tag <" + obj.tagName + ">" else: return 'File "%s", line %d, column %d, in "%s"' % ( obj.filename, obj.lineNumber, obj.columnNumber, obj.tagName, ) else: return ascii(obj) def __repr__(self) -> str: """ Present a string representation which includes a template traceback, so we can tell where this error occurred in the template, as well as in Python. """ # Avoid importing things unnecessarily until we actually need them; # since this is an 'error' module we should be extra paranoid about # that. from traceback import format_list if self._roots: roots = ( " " + "\n ".join([self._formatRoot(r) for r in self._roots]) + "\n" ) else: roots = "" if self._traceback: traceback = ( "\n".join( [ line for entry in format_list(self._traceback) for line in entry.splitlines() ] ) + "\n" ) else: traceback = "" return cast( str, ( "Exception while flattening:\n" + roots + traceback + self._exception.__class__.__name__ + ": " + str(self._exception) + "\n" ), ) def __str__(self) -> str: return repr(self) class UnsupportedSpecialHeader(Exception): """ A HTTP/2 request was received that contained a HTTP/2 pseudo-header field that is not recognised by Twisted. """