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A Brief History of Sudo ======================= ## The Early Years Sudo was first conceived and implemented by Bob Coggeshall and Cliff Spencer around 1980 at the Department of Computer Science at SUNY/Buffalo. It ran on a VAX-11/750 running 4.1BSD. An updated version, credited to Phil Betchel, Cliff Spencer, Gretchen Phillips, John LoVerso, and Don Gworek, was posted to the net.sources Usenet newsgroup in December of 1985. ## Sudo at CU-Boulder In the Summer of 1986, Garth Snyder released an enhanced version of sudo. For the next 5 years, sudo was fed and watered by a handful of folks at CU-Boulder, including Bob Coggeshall, Bob Manchek, and Trent Hein. ## Root Group Sudo In 1991, Dave Hieb and Jeff Nieusma wrote a new version of sudo with an enhanced sudoers format under contract to a consulting firm called "The Root Group". This version was later released under the GNU public license. ## CU Sudo In 1994, after maintaining sudo informally within CU-Boulder for some time, Todd C. Miller made a public release of "CU sudo" (version 1.3) with bug fixes and support for more operating systems. The "CU" was added to differentiate it from the "official" version from "The Root Group". In 1995, a new parser for the sudoers file was contributed by Chris Jepeway. The new parser was a proper grammar (unlike the old one) and could work with both sudo and visudo (previously they had slightly different parsers). In 1996, Todd, who had been maintaining sudo for several years in his spare time, moved distribution of sudo from a CU-Boulder ftp site to his domain, courtesan.com. ## Just Plain Sudo In 1999, the "CU" prefix was dropped from the name since there had been no formal release of sudo from "The Root Group" since 1991 (the original authors now work elsewhere). As of version 1.6, Sudo no longer contains any of the original "Root Group" code and is available under an ISC-style license. In 2001, the sudo web site, ftp site, and mailing lists were moved from courtesan.com to the sudo.ws domain (sudo.org was already taken). ## LDAP Integration In 2003, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company contributed code written by Aaron Spangler to store the sudoers data in LDAP. These changes were incorporated into Sudo 1.6.8. ## New Parser In 2005, Todd rewrote the sudoers parser to better support the features that had been added in the past ten years. This new parser removes some limitations of the previous one, removes ordering constraints and adds support for including multiple sudoers files. ## Quest Sponsorship In 2010, Quest Software began sponsoring Sudo development by hiring Todd to work on Sudo as part of his full-time job. This enabled the addition of I/O logging, the plugin API, the log server, additional regression and fuzz tests, support for binary packages and more regular releases. ## Present Day Sudo, in its current form, is maintained by: Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@sudo.ws> Todd continues to enhance sudo and fix bugs.