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# IO::Zlib.pm # # Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Tom Hughes <tom@compton.nu>. # All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute # it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. package IO::Zlib; =head1 NAME IO::Zlib - IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib> =head1 SYNOPSIS With any version of Perl 5 you can use the basic OO interface: use IO::Zlib; $fh = new IO::Zlib; if ($fh->open("file.gz", "rb")) { print <$fh>; $fh->close; } $fh = IO::Zlib->new("file.gz", "wb9"); if (defined $fh) { print $fh "bar\n"; $fh->close; } $fh = IO::Zlib->new("file.gz", "rb"); if (defined $fh) { print <$fh>; undef $fh; # automatically closes the file } With Perl 5.004 you can also use the TIEHANDLE interface to access compressed files just like ordinary files: use IO::Zlib; tie *FILE, 'IO::Zlib', "file.gz", "wb"; print FILE "line 1\nline2\n"; tie *FILE, 'IO::Zlib', "file.gz", "rb"; while (<FILE>) { print "LINE: ", $_ }; =head1 DESCRIPTION C<IO::Zlib> provides an IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib> and hence to gzip/zlib compressed files. It provides many of the same methods as the L<IO::Handle> interface. Starting from IO::Zlib version 1.02, IO::Zlib can also use an external F<gzip> command. The default behaviour is to try to use an external F<gzip> if no C<Compress::Zlib> can be loaded, unless explicitly disabled by use IO::Zlib qw(:gzip_external 0); If explicitly enabled by use IO::Zlib qw(:gzip_external 1); then the external F<gzip> is used B<instead> of C<Compress::Zlib>. =head1 CONSTRUCTOR =over 4 =item new ( [ARGS] ) Creates an C<IO::Zlib> object. If it receives any parameters, they are passed to the method C<open>; if the open fails, the object is destroyed. Otherwise, it is returned to the caller. =back =head1 OBJECT METHODS =over 4 =item open ( FILENAME, MODE ) C<open> takes two arguments. The first is the name of the file to open and the second is the open mode. The mode can be anything acceptable to L<Compress::Zlib> and by extension anything acceptable to I<zlib> (that basically means POSIX fopen() style mode strings plus an optional number to indicate the compression level). =item opened Returns true if the object currently refers to a opened file. =item close Close the file associated with the object and disassociate the file from the handle. Done automatically on destroy. =item getc Return the next character from the file, or undef if none remain. =item getline Return the next line from the file, or undef on end of string. Can safely be called in an array context. Currently ignores $/ ($INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR or $RS when L<English> is in use) and treats lines as delimited by "\n". =item getlines Get all remaining lines from the file. It will croak() if accidentally called in a scalar context. =item print ( ARGS... ) Print ARGS to the file. =item read ( BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] ) Read some bytes from the file. Returns the number of bytes actually read, 0 on end-of-file, undef on error. =item eof Returns true if the handle is currently positioned at end of file? =item seek ( OFFSET, WHENCE ) Seek to a given position in the stream. Not yet supported. =item tell Return the current position in the stream, as a numeric offset. Not yet supported. =item setpos ( POS ) Set the current position, using the opaque value returned by C<getpos()>. Not yet supported. =item getpos ( POS ) Return the current position in the string, as an opaque object. Not yet supported. =back =head1 USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP If the external F<gzip> is used, the following C<open>s are used: open(FH, "gzip -dc $filename |") # for read opens open(FH, " | gzip > $filename") # for write opens You can modify the 'commands' for example to hardwire an absolute path by e.g. use IO::Zlib ':gzip_read_open' => '/some/where/gunzip -c %s |'; use IO::Zlib ':gzip_write_open' => '| /some/where/gzip.exe > %s'; The C<%s> is expanded to be the filename (C<sprintf> is used, so be careful to escape any other C<%> signs). The 'commands' are checked for sanity - they must contain the C<%s>, and the read open must end with the pipe sign, and the write open must begin with the pipe sign. =head1 CLASS METHODS =over 4 =item has_Compress_Zlib Returns true if C<Compress::Zlib> is available. Note that this does not mean that C<Compress::Zlib> is being used: see L</gzip_external> and L<gzip_used>. =item gzip_external Undef if an external F<gzip> B<can> be used if C<Compress::Zlib> is not available (see L</has_Compress_Zlib>), true if an external F<gzip> is explicitly used, false if an external F<gzip> must not be used. See L</gzip_used>. =item gzip_used True if an external F<gzip> is being used, false if not. =item gzip_read_open Return the 'command' being used for opening a file for reading using an external F<gzip>. =item gzip_write_open Return the 'command' being used for opening a file for writing using an external F<gzip>. =back =head1 DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context If you want read lines, you must read in list context. =item IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '...' is illegal Use only modes 'rb' or 'wb' or /wb[1-9]/. =item IO::Zlib::import: '...' is illegal The known import symbols are the C<:gzip_external>, C<:gzip_read_open>, and C<:gzip_write_open>. Anything else is not recognized. =item IO::Zlib::import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument The C<:gzip_external> requires one boolean argument. =item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read_open' requires an argument The C<:gzip_external> requires one string argument. =item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read' '...' is illegal The C<:gzip_read_open> argument must end with the pipe sign (|) and have the C<%s> for the filename. See L</"USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP">. =item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' requires an argument The C<:gzip_external> requires one string argument. =item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' '...' is illegal The C<:gzip_write_open> argument must begin with the pipe sign (|) and have the C<%s> for the filename. An output redirect (>) is also often a good idea, depending on your operating system shell syntax. See L</"USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP">. =item IO::Zlib::import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip Given that we failed to load C<Compress::Zlib> and that the use of an external F<gzip> was disabled, IO::Zlib has not much chance of working. =item IO::Zlib::open: needs a filename No filename, no open. =item IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified We must know how much to read. =item IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH The LENGTH must be less than or equal to the buffer size. =back =head1 SEE ALSO L<perlfunc>, L<perlop/"I/O Operators">, L<IO::Handle>, L<Compress::Zlib> =head1 HISTORY Created by Tom Hughes E<lt>F<tom@compton.nu>E<gt>. Support for external gzip added by Jarkko Hietaniemi E<lt>F<jhi@iki.fi>E<gt>. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Tom Hughes E<lt>F<tom@compton.nu>E<gt>. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut require 5.006; use strict; use warnings; use Carp; use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET); use Symbol; use Tie::Handle; our $VERSION = "1.14"; our $AUTOLOAD; our @ISA = qw(Tie::Handle); my $has_Compress_Zlib; my $gzip_external; my $gzip_used; my $gzip_read_open = "gzip -dc %s |"; my $gzip_write_open = "| gzip > %s"; my $aliased; BEGIN { eval { require Compress::Zlib }; $has_Compress_Zlib = $@ || $Compress::Zlib::VERSION < 2.000 ? 0 : 1; } sub has_Compress_Zlib { $has_Compress_Zlib; } sub gzip_external { $gzip_external; } sub gzip_used { $gzip_used; } sub gzip_read_open { $gzip_read_open; } sub gzip_write_open { $gzip_write_open; } sub can_gunzip { $has_Compress_Zlib || $gzip_external; } sub _import { my $import = shift; while (@_) { if ($_[0] eq ':gzip_external') { shift; if (@_) { $gzip_external = shift; } else { croak "$import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument"; } } elsif ($_[0] eq ':gzip_read_open') { shift; if (@_) { $gzip_read_open = shift; croak "$import: ':gzip_read_open' '$gzip_read_open' is illegal" unless $gzip_read_open =~ /^.+%s.+\|\s*$/; } else { croak "$import: ':gzip_read_open' requires an argument"; } } elsif ($_[0] eq ':gzip_write_open') { shift; if (@_) { $gzip_write_open = shift; croak "$import: ':gzip_write_open' '$gzip_read_open' is illegal" unless $gzip_write_open =~ /^\s*\|.+%s.*$/; } else { croak "$import: ':gzip_write_open' requires an argument"; } } else { last; } } return @_; } sub _alias { my $import = shift; if ($gzip_external || (!$has_Compress_Zlib && !defined($gzip_external))) { require IO::Handle; undef *gzopen; *gzopen = \&gzopen_external; *IO::Handle::gzread = \&gzread_external; *IO::Handle::gzwrite = \&gzwrite_external; *IO::Handle::gzreadline = \&gzreadline_external; *IO::Handle::gzeof = \&gzeof_external; *IO::Handle::gzclose = \&gzclose_external; $gzip_used = 1; } elsif ($has_Compress_Zlib) { *gzopen = \&Compress::Zlib::gzopen; *gzread = \&Compress::Zlib::gzread; *gzwrite = \&Compress::Zlib::gzwrite; *gzreadline = \&Compress::Zlib::gzreadline; *gzeof = \&Compress::Zlib::gzeof; } else { croak "$import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip"; } $aliased = 1; } sub import { my $class = shift; my $import = "IO::Zlib::import"; if (@_) { if (_import($import, @_)) { croak "$import: '@_' is illegal"; } } _alias($import); } sub TIEHANDLE { my $class = shift; my @args = @_; my $self = bless {}, $class; return @args ? $self->OPEN(@args) : $self; } sub DESTROY { } sub OPEN { my $self = shift; my $filename = shift; my $mode = shift; croak "IO::Zlib::open: needs a filename" unless defined($filename); $self->{'file'} = gzopen($filename,$mode); return defined($self->{'file'}) ? $self : undef; } sub CLOSE { my $self = shift; return undef unless defined($self->{'file'}); my $status = $self->{'file'}->gzclose(); delete $self->{'file'}; return ($status == 0) ? 1 : undef; } sub READ { my $self = shift; my $bufref = \$_[0]; my $nbytes = $_[1]; my $offset = $_[2] || 0; croak "IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified" unless defined($nbytes); $$bufref = "" unless defined($$bufref); my $bytesread = $self->{'file'}->gzread(substr($$bufref,$offset),$nbytes); return undef if $bytesread < 0; return $bytesread; } sub READLINE { my $self = shift; my $line; return () if $self->{'file'}->gzreadline($line) <= 0; return $line unless wantarray; my @lines = $line; while ($self->{'file'}->gzreadline($line) > 0) { push @lines, $line; } return @lines; } sub WRITE { my $self = shift; my $buf = shift; my $length = shift; my $offset = shift; croak "IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH" unless $offset + $length <= length($buf); return $self->{'file'}->gzwrite(substr($buf,$offset,$length)); } sub EOF { my $self = shift; return $self->{'file'}->gzeof(); } sub FILENO { return undef; } sub new { my $class = shift; my @args = @_; _alias("new", @_) unless $aliased; # Some call new IO::Zlib directly... my $self = gensym(); tie *{$self}, $class, @args; return tied(${$self}) ? bless $self, $class : undef; } sub getline { my $self = shift; return scalar tied(*{$self})->READLINE(); } sub getlines { my $self = shift; croak "IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context" unless wantarray; return tied(*{$self})->READLINE(); } sub opened { my $self = shift; return defined tied(*{$self})->{'file'}; } sub AUTOLOAD { my $self = shift; $AUTOLOAD =~ s/.*:://; $AUTOLOAD =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/; return tied(*{$self})->$AUTOLOAD(@_); } sub gzopen_external { my $filename = shift; my $mode = shift; my $fh = IO::Handle->new(); if ($mode =~ /r/) { # Because someone will try to read ungzipped files # with this we peek and verify the signature. Yes, # this means that we open the file twice (if it is # gzipped). # Plenty of race conditions exist in this code, but # the alternative would be to capture the stderr of # gzip and parse it, which would be a portability nightmare. if (-e $filename && open($fh, $filename)) { binmode $fh; my $sig; my $rdb = read($fh, $sig, 2); if ($rdb == 2 && $sig eq "\x1F\x8B") { my $ropen = sprintf($gzip_read_open, $filename); if (open($fh, $ropen)) { binmode $fh; return $fh; } else { return undef; } } seek($fh, 0, SEEK_SET) or die "IO::Zlib: open('$filename', 'r'): seek: $!"; return $fh; } else { return undef; } } elsif ($mode =~ /w/) { my $level = $mode =~ /([1-9])/ ? "-$1" : ""; # To maximize portability we would need to open # two filehandles here, one for "| gzip $level" # and another for "> $filename", and then when # writing copy bytes from the first to the second. # We are using IO::Handle objects for now, however, # and they can only contain one stream at a time. my $wopen = sprintf($gzip_write_open, $filename); if (open($fh, $wopen)) { $fh->autoflush(1); binmode $fh; return $fh; } else { return undef; } } else { croak "IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '$mode' is illegal"; } return undef; } sub gzread_external { my $file = shift; my $bufref = \$_[0]; my $nbytes = $_[1] || 4096; # Use read() instead of sysread() because people may # mix reads and readlines, and we don't want to mess # the stdio buffering. See also gzreadline_external() # and gzwrite_external(). my $nread = read($file, $$bufref, $nbytes); return defined $nread ? $nread : -1; } sub gzwrite_external { my $file = shift; my $buf = shift; # Using syswrite() is okay (cf. gzread_external()) # since the bytes leave this process and buffering # is therefore not an issue. my $nwrote = syswrite($file, $buf); return defined $nwrote ? $nwrote : -1; } sub gzreadline_external { my $file = shift; my $bufref = \$_[0]; # See the comment in gzread_external(). $$bufref = readline($file); return defined $$bufref ? length($$bufref) : -1; } sub gzeof_external { my $file = shift; return eof($file); } sub gzclose_external { my $file = shift; close($file); # I am not entirely certain why this is needed but it seems # the above close() always fails (as if the stream would have # been already closed - something to do with using external # processes via pipes?) return 0; } 1;